ADHD Medication & Side Effects

Knowing what to expect with side effects

As with all medications, those used to treat ADHD may cause certain side effects.

Usually, those side effects are mild and temporary if the dosing is appropriate and followed. Most side effects appear when a medication is first started, or when dosages are changed. When medication is taken regularly, and as prescribed, they often disappear over time.

ADHD medications are generally well tolerated overall, but every person has a different level of sensitivity that cannot be predicted.

Common side effects for classes of medications used to treat ADHD

Common side effects for classes of medications used to treat ADHD

Amphetamines and methylphenidates

Atomoxetine

Guanfacine

  • Increased blood pressure and heart rate
  • Decreased appetite
  • Constipation/diarrhea
  • Dry mouth
  • GI upset
  • Nausea/vomiting
  • Anxiety
  • Dizziness
  • Behavioural changes/irritability
  • Headache
  • Insomnia
  • Rebound effect
  • Weight loss
  • Skin reactions
  • Increased blood pressure and heart rate
  • Decreased appetite
  • Constipation
  • Dry mouth
  • GI upset
  • Nausea/vomiting
  • Insomnia
  • Somnolence
  • Weight loss
  • Sexual dysfunction (adult)
  • Decreased blood pressure
  • Increased blood pressure and heart rate when stopped abruptly
  • Decreased appetite
  • Constipation
  • Dry mouth
  • Stomach pain
  • Nausea/vomiting
  • Anxiety
  • Headache
  • Insomnia
  • Somnolence

Please note that this is not a complete list. Always ask your doctor what side effects to expect with a new ADHD prescription, including any potential serious or rare side effects. If you or your child experience any unexpected side effects while taking any medication, contact your doctor or pharmacist.

Medication should only be taken as prescribed by your doctor. Methylphenidates and amphetamines have the potential to be abused, leading to dependence and tolerance. The misuse of amphetamines may cause serious cardiovascular adverse events and sudden death.

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Tips to help manage side effects of ADHD medication

Sleep problems

  • If taking a short-acting formula, the last dose might be too close to bedtime, or in the case of a long-acting formula, the effect may be long enough that it ends up affecting sleep; talk to your doctor about adjusting your dosing schedule to allow it time to wear off before bed.
  • Be careful of what you consume in the evening, including alcohol, caffeine, nicotine, and heavy meals.
  • Limit blue light exposure from screens by keeping them out of the bedroom, stopping at least two hours before bed.

Eating/appetite issues

  • Try to eat when the medication effects are at their lowest; plan a good meal before the medication kicks in, and again when it is wearing off.
  • Reduce portions, but increase snack times.

Nausea and headaches

  • Although most side effects tend to dissipate within a few weeks of starting medication, your doctor could decide a change in dose or schedule might help.
  • Minimize caffeine intake.
  • Try taking the medication with food.

Sometimes a child has trouble articulating what he or she is feeling, so if you’re a parent, be sure to ask your child’s doctor what outward signs you should watch for.

Trouble Sleeping with ADHD?

Sleep-related problems in ADHD, such as finding it harder to fall asleep, are common. Some medicines used to treat ADHD symptoms may contribute to the issue.

Why you shouldn’t take it lying down

Strategies for Living with ADHD

Learning effective strategies to manage your ADHD is possible. Improving key areas of your overall health and lifestyle, such as getting more sleep, can also make a big difference.

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Need Help Talking to Your Doctor about ADHD?

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